Why We Celebrate Republic Day
Republic Day is celebrated every year on January 26 to honor the adoption of the Indian Constitution, which officially came into effect on this day in 1950. While India gained independence on August 15, 1947, it continued to follow the colonial Government of India Act, 1935, until it adopted its own democratic framework.
The significance of Republic Day lies in the fact that it marks the birth of India as a sovereign democratic republic, where the people have the power to elect their own government and shape their future. The Constitution guarantees justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, ensuring that India remains a democracy governed by the rule of law.
The decision to celebrate Republic Day on January 26 was made to honor the Purna Swaraj declaration of 1930, when the Indian National Congress had pledged for complete independence from British rule. This connection makes Republic Day a tribute to India’s freedom fighters and leaders who worked tirelessly to establish a free and democratic nation.
India’s Path to Becoming a Republic
India’s transformation from a British colony to a sovereign republic was a historic journey that culminated on January 26, 1950. While India gained independence on August 15, 1947, it continued to function under the Government of India Act, 1935, until the adoption of the Indian Constitution, which officially came into effect on Republic Day, January 26, 1950.
This day marked the birth of the Republic of India, where the country formally adopted a democratic system of governance free from British influence. The process of drafting the Constitution and selecting January 26 as the date for its adoption was a carefully planned decision, deeply rooted in India’s freedom movement.
Why January 26 Was Chosen as Republic Day
The selection of January 26, 1950, as the day for adopting the Constitution was not random. It was a tribute to the Purna Swaraj resolution, passed on January 26, 1930, by the Indian National Congress.
During the Lahore Session of the Congress in December 1929, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress declared complete independence, or Purna Swaraj, as its goal, rejecting the dominion status offered by the British. The Congress called upon Indians to observe January 26, 1930, as Independence Day, marking a commitment to fight for total self-rule.
Even after India gained independence in 1947, the leaders of the nation wanted to honor January 26 by making it a historic day. Therefore, when the Indian Constitution was ready, it was officially adopted on January 26, 1950, making India a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.
The Drafting of the Indian Constitution
Even after gaining independence, India still followed the Government of India Act, 1935, a colonial-era law that governed the country. It was necessary to create an independent Constitution that would define India’s future.
To achieve this, a Constituent Assembly was formed in December 1946, which consisted of representatives from across India. The task of drafting the Constitution was assigned to the Drafting Committee, which was chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
The drafting committee also included K.M. Munshi, Muhammed Saadulah, Gopala Swami Ayyangar, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, N Madhava Rao (replacing B.L. Mitter), and T.T. Krishnamachari (replacing D.P. Khaitan).
The committee worked tirelessly for two years, eleven months, and eighteen days, holding 114 days of open debate to finalize the Constitution. Finally, on November 26, 1949, the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution, but it was officially enforced on January 26, 1950.
Significance of January 26, 1950
January 26, 1950, is one of the most significant dates in Indian history. On this day, the Indian Constitution came into effect, replacing the Government of India Act, 1935. Dr. Rajendra Prasad took oath as the first President of India. The Indian Republic was officially established, marking the end of India’s constitutional ties with the British Crown.
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution declared:
“We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.”
This statement laid the foundation of modern India, ensuring that the country would function as a democracy, with equal rights and freedoms for all citizens.
How Republic Day Is Celebrated
Since 1950, Republic Day has been celebrated every year with great enthusiasm and patriotism. The main event takes place in New Delhi, where the Republic Day parade is held at Kartavya Path, formerly Rajpath.
The celebrations include a grand parade showcasing India’s military strength, cultural diversity, and technological advancements. Tableaux from different states and government departments reflect India’s cultural heritage and progress. A display of India’s armed forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, highlights the country’s defense capabilities. The President of India hoists the national flag and takes the salute from the military parade. Bravery awards, including the Param Vir Chakra, Ashok Chakra, and Vir Chakra, are presented to military personnel and civilians.
Each year, a chief guest from a foreign country is invited to witness the celebrations, symbolizing India’s friendly relations with the world.
Republic Day and the Spirit of Democracy
Republic Day is not just a celebration of the adoption of the Constitution but a reminder of India’s commitment to democracy, equality, and justice. It reflects the vision of the country’s founding leaders and their efforts in shaping India into a strong and independent nation.
Even today, Republic Day serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by freedom fighters who fought for India’s independence. It upholds the values of the Constitution, which provide equal rights to every citizen. It reinforces the importance of democracy, ensuring that power remains in the hands of the people.
Conclusion
India’s journey to becoming a republic on January 26, 1950, was a historic transformation that established the country as a sovereign, democratic, and secular nation. The adoption of the Indian Constitution ensured that every citizen had fundamental rights, justice, and equality.
As India celebrates Republic Day every year, it is a moment to reflect on the country’s democratic values, progress, and commitment to its people.
